Closed Loop System

The artificial beta cell or closed-loop insulin delivery system expands on the concept of sensor responsive insulin delivery. The closed-loop system differs from conventional pump therapy as the former uses a control algorithm that autonomously and continually increases and decreases the subcutaneous delivery of insulin on the basis of real-time sensor glucose levels.  There have been extensive studies in a controlled laboratory setting of a closed system; however, the real challenge sets in when the same device is used by patients at home.

A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine compared closed-loop insulin delivery with sensor-augmented pump therapy in 58 patients with Type 1 Diabetes. The closed-loop system was used day and night by 33 adults and overnight by 25 children and adolescents. Participants used the closed loop system for a 12-week period and sensor-augmented pump therapy (control) for a similar period.

At the end of the study, it was observed that the closed-loop system, as compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy, improved glucose control, reduced hypoglycemia, and, in adults, resulted in a lower glycated hemoglobin level. Hence the extended use of a closed-loop system at home over a period of 12 weeks during free daily living without close supervision is feasible in adults, children and in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. 

Source: New England Journal of Medicine